A History of Rolex Watches
Hans Wilsdorf, born in Kulmbach, Germany in 1881, founded the company that would become Rolex in 1905 under the name "Wilsdorf & Davis" with his brother-in-law, Alfred Davis. Originally based in London, Wilsdorf's vision was to create high-quality wristwatches that combined precision with durability—an uncommon goal at a time when pocket watches were still dominant. By 1908, after their rapid success in the UK, Wilsdorf coined the name 'Rolex' to establish a distinct, memorable brand that would resonate globally.
Rolex quickly gained recognition for its technical excellence. In 1910, the company made history when a Rolex wristwatch received the world's first Official Chronometer Certification from Switzerland's Bureau Officiel. Just four years later, in 1914, Rolex watches earned the prestigious Class A Precision Certificate from the Kew Observatory in England, a distinction typically reserved for marine chronometers.
1926 marked a pivotal moment with the introduction of the Rolex 'Oyster', the first waterproof wristwatch. Wilsdorf demonstrated its reliability in a high-profile way by sponsoring Mercedes Gleitze's successful swim across the English Channel in 1927, during which she wore the 'Oyster'. The watch remained fully functional, boosting Rolex's reputation for durability and precision. This was also when Wilsdorf's foresight in marketing became apparent, as he recognised the importance of advertising and strategic sponsorships to elevate the brand's prestige.
In 1931, Rolex introduced the revolutionary 'Perpetual Rotor', the world's first self-winding mechanism, a design that would become the foundation for modern automatic watches. Over the next few decades, Rolex continued to innovate with the launch of iconic models: the 'Oyster Perpetual Lady-Date' in 1954, the 'GMT Master' with dual time zones in 1955, and the 'Day-Date' in 1956, the first watch to display the date and day of the week in full.
After Hans Wilsdorf's death in 1960, André Heiniger took over leadership and upheld Rolex's legacy of innovation. The release of the 'Cosmograph Daytona' in 1963 catered to professional race car drivers, while the 1967 launch of the 'Sea-Dweller' pushed the boundaries of underwater exploration with a depth rating of 610 meters, making it a favourite among professional divers. The 'Explorer II', introduced in 1971 with its distinctive orange GMT hand, further reinforced Rolex's appeal to adventurers.
Rolex's commitment to material innovation continued in 1985 with the introduction of 904L steel, known for its superior resistance to corrosion and remarkable polish. This material, later rebranded as 'Oystersteel' in 2018, became another hallmark of Rolex's enduring quality.
From its earliest achievements to its continued innovations, Rolex has solidified its place as one of the world's most prestigious luxury watchmakers, blending technical mastery, precision, and timeless style.
A History of Tag Heuer Watches
TAG Heuer, originally founded as 'Heuer' by Edouard Heuer in 1860 in St-Imier, Switzerland, has been a pioneer in watchmaking for over a century. From its early beginnings, Heuer focused on precision timekeeping, quickly earning a reputation for innovative chronographs and stopwatches. In 1887, Edouard Heuer patented the 'oscillating pinion', a revolutionary mechanism that is still a key component in mechanical chronographs today.
Throughout the early 20th century, Heuer established itself as a leader in sports timing, becoming the official timekeeper for numerous international events. In 1916, Heuer introduced the 'Mikrograph', the world's first stopwatch accurate to 1/100th of a second, setting a new standard in precision and solidifying the brand's role in professional timekeeping, particularly in motor racing and the Olympics.
The post-war years saw further advancements, with the release of iconic chronographs like the 'Autavia' in 1962, originally designed for aviation and motorsports, and the legendary 'Carrera' in 1963, named after the perilous 'Carrera Panamericana' auto race in Mexico. The 'Monaco', launched in 1969, became another milestone, being the world's first automatic chronograph with a square case. Famously worn by Steve McQueen in the 1971 film 'Le Mans', the 'Monaco' became an enduring symbol of motorsport style.
In 1985, the company merged with Techniques d'Avant Garde (TAG), a company known for its high-tech engineering in Formula 1, thus becoming 'TAG Heuer'. This merger strengthened the brand's connection to high-performance racing and reinforced its dedication to cutting-edge technology. The 1980s and 1990s saw TAG Heuer flourish, with the release of popular models such as the 'Formula 1', '2000 Series', and 'Link', all designed with durability, performance, and elegance in mind.
TAG Heuer continued to push boundaries in horology with the introduction of the 'Monaco V4' in 2004, the world's first watch with a belt-driven movement, and in 2015, the 'Carrera Heuer 02T', a tourbillon chronograph that redefined value in high-end watchmaking. The brand also embraced the digital age with the launch of the 'TAG Heuer Connected' smartwatch, blending Swiss craftsmanship with modern technology.
Throughout its history, TAG Heuer has maintained a strong presence in motorsports, becoming the official timekeeper for prestigious events like Formula 1, further enhancing its reputation for precision timing. Today, TAG Heuer continues to innovate, blending tradition with cutting-edge technology, and remains one of the most recognised and respected names in luxury sports watches.
With a legacy rooted in precision and performance, TAG Heuer has secured its place as a trailblazer in both watchmaking and motorsport, known for pushing the limits of timekeeping and design.
A History of Audemars Piguet Watches
Founded in 1875 by childhood friends Jules-Louis Audemars and Edward-Auguste Piguet in the Vallée de Joux, Switzerland, Audemars Piguet quickly distinguished itself as a master of haute horlogerie. Both founders brought exceptional skills to the partnership—Audemars focused on developing complex movements, while Piguet specialised in the final regulation of the watches. This synergy allowed the brand to craft some of the world's most intricate timepieces from the very beginning.
Audemars Piguet earned its reputation for technical mastery early on with creations like the 'Grand Complication' pocket watch in 1882, featuring minute repeater, perpetual calendar, and chronograph functions. The brand became known for its high complications and innovations in movement design, gaining a global following among horological connoisseurs. By the turn of the 20th century, Audemars Piguet was crafting ultra-thin movements and developing new techniques to push the boundaries of traditional watchmaking.
The 20th century saw Audemars Piguet cement its legacy of innovation and artistry. In 1921, the brand introduced the first 'jump hour' wristwatch, a leap forward in both style and functionality. The 1946 creation of an ultra-thin hand-wound movement, at just 1.64mm thick, once again set a new standard for slim watch design.
However, it was in 1972 that Audemars Piguet truly revolutionised the watch industry with the introduction of the 'Royal Oak', designed by Gérald Genta. The Royal Oak was the world's first luxury sports watch made of stainless steel, breaking conventions with its bold octagonal bezel, integrated bracelet, and exposed screws. Despite initial scepticism, the Royal Oak became an iconic model, redefining luxury and establishing Audemars Piguet as a leader in contemporary horology. The 'Royal Oak Offshore', launched in 1993, further enhanced the brand's standing in the luxury sports watch category, with a larger and more robust design that appealed to a new generation of collectors.
Throughout the late 20th century and into the 21st, Audemars Piguet continued to push the boundaries of innovation. The brand introduced numerous complicated watches, including the 'Royal Oak Concept' in 2002, a futuristic take on the Royal Oak, showcasing cutting-edge materials and advanced mechanics. In 2019, the 'Code 11.59' collection was launched, highlighting Audemars Piguet's commitment to blending classic craftsmanship with modern aesthetics.
Audemars Piguet also remains one of the few major Swiss watchmakers still in the hands of the founding families, preserving its independence and dedication to fine watchmaking. The brand's commitment to handcrafting complex movements, such as perpetual calendars, tourbillons, and minute repeaters, alongside its bold approach to design, has solidified its place among the most prestigious names in horology.
From crafting some of the most intricate mechanical watches to redefining luxury with the Royal Oak, Audemars Piguet has consistently pushed the boundaries of innovation and style, making it a true pillar of the Swiss watch industry. Its legacy of innovation, craftsmanship, and independence continues to resonate with watch enthusiasts and collectors worldwide.
A History of Cartier Watches
Founded in 1847 by Louis-François Cartier in Paris, Cartier began as a jeweller crafting luxury items for the French aristocracy. Over time, Cartier became synonymous with opulence, earning the title "Jeweller of Kings, King of Jewellers" from King Edward VII of England. While the brand's roots are in fine jewellery, Cartier also played a pivotal role in shaping the world of horology with its timeless and innovative watch designs.
Cartier entered the watchmaking world in 1904 with one of the most iconic timepieces in history, the 'Santos'. This wristwatch was created at the request of Brazilian aviator Alberto Santos-Dumont, who needed a reliable and easily readable watch while flying. The 'Santos' became one of the first modern wristwatches for men, breaking the prevailing trend of pocket watches and heralding a new era in horology. With its square case and visible screws, the 'Santos' set a new design standard, blending practicality with elegance.
In 1917, Cartier introduced another legendary model, the 'Tank', inspired by the shape of military tanks used during World War I. Its rectangular design, clean lines, and understated elegance made the 'Tank' an instant classic, beloved by cultural icons and fashion elites for over a century. The 'Tank' remains one of the most enduring and iconic watches in the world, symbolising timeless sophistication.
Throughout the early 20th century, Cartier became renowned for its ability to merge jewellery artistry with watchmaking craftsmanship. The brand was a trailblazer in incorporating luxurious materials and intricate designs into its timepieces, resulting in a new category of wristwatches that were as much a statement of style as they were feats of mechanical precision. Cartier's distinctive approach also led to the creation of other celebrated models, including the 'Tonneau' and 'Pasha', both of which showcased the brand's penchant for curvaceous shapes and unique designs.
In the 1930s, Cartier pioneered the development of 'mystery clocks', where the hands appeared to float on the dial without any visible connection to the movement. This demonstrated Cartier's mastery of blending watchmaking ingenuity with visual artistry. The brand continued to expand its offerings with exquisite timepieces that appealed to royalty, aristocrats, and celebrities around the world.
During the latter half of the 20th century, Cartier continued to innovate with the introduction of new collections that embraced both traditional craftsmanship and modern luxury. In 1985, Cartier launched the 'Panthère de Cartier' collection, combining elegance with versatility, quickly becoming a favourite among fashion-forward watch lovers. The brand also reinterpreted classic models with modern updates, like the 'Ballon Bleu' in 2007, with its distinctive rounded case and crown integrated into the caseband, exemplifying Cartier's timeless yet forward-thinking design philosophy.
Cartier remains a family-owned business for over a century before joining the Richemont Group in 1993, marking a new chapter in its expansion while preserving its legacy of luxury. Despite its growth, Cartier has maintained its commitment to horological innovation, exemplified by the development of in-house movements, such as the 'Calibre de Cartier' line, reflecting the brand's deepening expertise in mechanical watchmaking.
Today, Cartier is revered for its ability to fuse the worlds of fine jewellery and haute horlogerie, creating timepieces that are not only technical masterpieces but also symbols of elegance and style. From its pioneering wristwatch designs like the 'Santos' and 'Tank' to its modern collections, Cartier remains a leading name in the world of luxury watches, embodying the perfect balance of tradition, innovation, and beauty.
A History of Breitling Watches
Founded in 1884 by Léon Breitling in Saint-Imier, Switzerland, Breitling quickly established itself as a watchmaker with a focus on precision and innovation. From its earliest days, the brand specialised in chronographs, creating highly accurate timekeeping instruments for industrial, military, and scientific applications. Breitling's dedication to precision set it apart from other watchmakers, paving the way for its future role as a leader in aviation timepieces.
In 1915, under the leadership of Léon's son, Gaston Breitling, the company made a groundbreaking contribution to horology by creating one of the first wrist-worn chronographs. This innovation was crucial for pilots, allowing them to track flight times accurately without needing pocket watches. Breitling further revolutionised chronograph design in 1934 by adding a second pusher, enabling users to reset the stopwatch function without stopping it, a standard feature in chronographs today.
Breitling's close association with aviation was cemented in 1936 when it became the official supplier to the Royal Air Force. This partnership highlighted the brand's expertise in creating precise, durable, and functional timepieces for pilots. Breitling's aviation heritage truly took off in 1952 with the launch of the 'Navitimer', which featured a circular slide rule on the bezel, enabling pilots to make essential flight calculations, including fuel consumption and airspeed. The 'Navitimer' quickly became an iconic tool watch for aviators and remains one of Breitling's most celebrated models to this day.
In 1962, Breitling made its mark in space exploration when astronaut Scott Carpenter wore the 'Navitimer Cosmonaute' during his orbital flight aboard the Aurora 7 spacecraft. This special version of the Navitimer was customised with a 24-hour dial, allowing Carpenter to distinguish between day and night during his mission—further solidifying Breitling's reputation as a pioneer in precision timekeeping under extreme conditions.
Throughout the 20th century, Breitling continued to innovate, introducing advancements such as automatic chronographs. In 1969, Breitling was part of a consortium that developed the 'Chrono-Matic', one of the world's first self-winding chronograph movements, marking a significant milestone in watchmaking.
The 1980s saw Breitling under new leadership, with Ernest Schneider acquiring the brand in 1979. Under his guidance, Breitling introduced the 'Emergency' in 1995, a groundbreaking wristwatch with an integrated distress beacon that could send a signal to emergency services, designed for adventurers and pilots operating in remote areas. The 'Emergency' became a symbol of Breitling's commitment to creating highly functional, durable, and life-saving tools for professionals.
In 2009, Breitling took a major step forward in its horological independence with the introduction of the in-house 'Caliber 01' movement, marking the brand's dedication to producing its own mechanical chronographs. This movement became the foundation for many of Breitling's most popular models, including modern iterations of the 'Navitimer' and the 'Chronomat', another aviation-inspired timepiece that had originally been launched in the 1940s and revitalised in the 1980s with its distinctive rider tabs and robust design.
Today, Breitling continues to build on its aviation legacy, expanding its range of professional and luxury watches with collections like the 'Superocean' for divers and the 'Premier' series, which pays homage to the brand's elegant chronographs from the mid-20th century. Breitling has also embraced sustainable practices, launching the 'Superocean Heritage II' with a focus on using eco-friendly materials.
Breitling's deep roots in aviation, pioneering spirit in chronograph development, and focus on precision make it one of the most respected names in Swiss watchmaking. Whether worn by pilots, astronauts, adventurers, or watch enthusiasts, Breitling timepieces symbolise functionality, durability, and timeless style.
A History of Omega Watches
Founded in 1848 by Louis Brandt in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland, Omega began as a small workshop focused on crafting precise timepieces. Brandt's sons, Louis-Paul and César took over the business in 1879 and moved it to Biel/Bienne, where Omega became renowned for producing high-quality movements. By 1894, Omega revolutionised watchmaking with the launch of its 'Omega Caliber', a movement notable for its accuracy and ease of production, which allowed for interchangeable parts—a rarity in watchmaking at the time. This achievement inspired the company to adopt the name 'Omega', symbolising the pinnacle of watchmaking excellence.
Omega's reputation for precision was cemented when it became the official timekeeper for major sporting events, including the Olympic Games, a role it first assumed in 1932 and has maintained ever since. Omega's commitment to innovation extended into the realm of horological accuracy, with the brand regularly winning competitions at observatories, setting world records in precision testing.
In the 20th century, Omega developed iconic timepieces that would go on to define the brand. The 'Omega Seamaster', introduced in 1948, became a robust and stylish dive watch, beloved by military divers and civilians alike. In 1957, Omega launched the 'Speedmaster', a chronograph designed for motorsport enthusiasts. The 'Speedmaster' would later achieve legendary status when, in 1965, NASA officially selected it as the first watch flight-qualified for all manned space missions. This partnership culminated in 1969 when the 'Speedmaster' became the first watch worn on the Moon during the Apollo 11 mission, earning it the nickname "Moonwatch." The 'Speedmaster' remains one of the most iconic and celebrated watches in horological history.
Omega's expertise in diving watches was further solidified with the release of the 'Seamaster 300' in 1957, designed for professional divers. The Seamaster line became synonymous with durability, precision, and water resistance. This association with high-performance diving was highlighted when the brand introduced the 'Seamaster Professional' in 1993, featuring a helium escape valve and water resistance to 300 meters, making it a favourite among divers and adventurers.
In the 1970s, Omega continued to innovate, particularly in the realm of quartz technology. The brand played a key role in the development of the 'Beta 21' quartz movement, which led to the release of the 'Omega Electroquartz' in 1970, one of the first commercially available quartz watches. Despite the rise of quartz, Omega maintained its dedication to mechanical innovation, introducing the 'Co-Axial Escapement' in 1999. Developed by master watchmaker George Daniels, the Co-Axial Escapement reduced friction in the movement, offering greater accuracy and longer service intervals, a significant breakthrough in mechanical watch technology.
Omega's ties to the world of cinema further elevated its global reputation. Since 1995, the brand has been the official watch of the James Bond franchise, with the 'Seamaster' becoming 007's signature timepiece, symbolising sophistication and rugged elegance.
In addition to its horological achievements, Omega is renowned for its role in precision timekeeping for global sporting events, such as the Olympics, where it continues to introduce state-of-the-art timing systems. Omega also remains committed to creating technically advanced, durable, and beautifully designed watches, blending heritage with modernity.
With models like the 'Constellation', 'De Ville', and 'Planet Ocean', Omega offers a diverse range of timepieces that cater to different tastes and needs, while maintaining its focus on innovation and craftsmanship. From conquering the depths of the ocean with the Seamaster to reaching the Moon with the Speedmaster, Omega's legacy is one of precision, adventure, and enduring style.
Today, Omega remains one of the most respected and recognised luxury watch brands in the world, known for its technological innovations, history of precision, and association with groundbreaking achievements in both space exploration and diving.
A History of Patek Philippe Watches
Founded in 1839 by Polish watchmaker Antoine Norbert de Patek and French watchmaker Adrien Philippe, Patek Philippe has long been synonymous with luxury, innovation, and timeless craftsmanship. Based in Geneva, Switzerland, the brand quickly established itself as one of the most prestigious names in haute horlogerie, creating highly complicated and elegant timepieces for royalty, aristocrats, and collectors around the world.
Patek Philippe's early years were marked by groundbreaking advancements in watchmaking. In 1845, Philippe invented the keyless winding system, allowing watches to be wound and set via the crown, an innovation that revolutionised the industry. This patented technology set the foundation for modern wristwatches and cemented Patek Philippe's reputation for technical mastery. By 1851, the company was already gaining high-profile admirers, most notably Queen Victoria, who purchased one of Patek Philippe's pendant watches at the Great Exhibition in London.
Throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Patek Philippe became known for producing some of the most complicated watches in the world. The brand's dedication to crafting bespoke, technically advanced timepieces reached its zenith with creations such as the 'Patek Philippe Henry Graves Supercomplication', completed in 1933 for the American banker Henry Graves Jr. This pocket watch, featuring 24 complications, was the most complicated watch ever made at the time and remains one of the most famous timepieces in history.
Patek Philippe continued to lead the way in innovation during the 20th century. In 1925, the brand introduced the world's first wristwatch with a perpetual calendar, demonstrating its ability to marry technical sophistication with wearable elegance. The 'Calatrava', launched in 1932, became an enduring symbol of understated luxury, with its minimalist design and timeless aesthetic. The 'Calatrava' remains one of Patek Philippe's most iconic and enduring collections, embodying the brand's philosophy of creating timeless, classic timepieces.
Patek Philippe further distinguished itself with the introduction of its first self-winding wristwatch in 1953 and continued to develop highly complex movements, including split-seconds chronographs, perpetual calendars, and minute repeaters. The brand's attention to detail and insistence on hand-finishing each component has set it apart as a benchmark of excellence in the watchmaking world.
In 1976, Patek Philippe expanded its offerings with the release of the 'Nautilus', designed by Gérald Genta. This luxury sports watch, with its distinctive porthole-shaped case and integrated bracelet, became an instant classic and marked a new era for the brand, combining the robustness of a sports watch with the elegance of a Patek Philippe. The 'Nautilus' remains one of the most coveted timepieces in the world, epitomising the brand's ability to innovate while maintaining its heritage.
Under the ownership of the Stern family, who acquired the company in 1932, Patek Philippe has remained one of the few independent, family-owned Swiss watchmakers, ensuring its legacy of meticulous craftsmanship and long-term vision. Philippe Stern, who took the helm in the late 20th century, was instrumental in maintaining the brand's commitment to traditional watchmaking techniques while also embracing modern technology. Under his leadership, Patek Philippe created the 'Caliber 89' in 1989, a commemorative timepiece with 33 complications, which held the title of the most complicated watch ever made for over two decades.
In 2009, Thierry Stern succeeded his father as president of Patek Philippe, continuing the family's dedication to upholding the brand's unparalleled standards of quality and innovation. One of the most significant modern achievements came in 2014 with the release of the 'Grandmaster Chime', a double-faced wristwatch with 20 complications, designed to celebrate the brand's 175th anniversary.
Patek Philippe is renowned not only for its complex mechanical timepieces but also for its timeless, elegant designs and dedication to handcrafted artistry. Its watches often become heirlooms, passed down through generations, reflecting the brand's motto: "You never actually own a Patek Philippe. You merely look after it for the next generation."
From royalty to collectors, Patek Philippe remains the pinnacle of luxury and horological achievement, creating masterpieces that blend tradition, innovation, and the highest standards of craftsmanship. Today, Patek Philippe's collections, including the 'Calatrava', 'Nautilus', 'Aquanaut', and 'Complications', continue to captivate watch enthusiasts and collectors worldwide, solidifying its position as one of the most respected and revered names in the world of luxury watchmaking.
A History of Franck Muller Watches
Founded in 1991 by Franck Muller and Vartan Sirmakes, the Franck Muller brand rapidly became known for creating some of the most intricate and aesthetically daring watches in modern horology. Based in Genthod, near Geneva, Switzerland, Franck Muller sought to blend traditional Swiss craftsmanship with groundbreaking technical innovations, earning the brand the title “Master of Complications” for its exceptional mechanical timepieces.
Franck Muller, the man behind the brand, was a prodigious watchmaker. Having trained at the prestigious Geneva School of Watchmaking, he gained a reputation early on for restoring complex watches and creating bespoke timepieces. Before launching his own brand, Muller made a name for himself by crafting tourbillons and other high complications—many of which he completed entirely by hand. His technical expertise and creative vision were the foundation on which the Franck Muller brand would be built.
One of the brand's most defining achievements came shortly after its inception, when it introduced the 'Grande Complication' wristwatch. This timepiece featured multiple advanced complications, such as a tourbillon and minute repeater, earning Muller international recognition for his technical brilliance. The 'Crazy Hours' watch, launched in 2003, was another emblem of the brand's innovative spirit. Its unorthodox arrangement of numerals, where the hour hand jumps to the correct hour in a non-linear fashion, was a playful yet mechanically complex innovation that quickly became a signature of the brand.
Franck Muller also became known for its unique designs, characterised by bold case shapes and striking dial aesthetics. The 'Cintrée Curvex', introduced in the 1990s, became an iconic collection, thanks to its distinctive tonneau-shaped case and eye-catching numerals, combining elegance with a daring, avant-garde style. This design language, blending classical elements with modern flair, became a hallmark of Franck Muller watches, making them instantly recognisable on the wrist.
The brand's dedication to high complications was further demonstrated with the release of the 'Aeternitas Mega' in 2007, a highly complex watch featuring 36 complications, including a perpetual calendar, moon phase, and multiple chronograph functions. It is one of the most complicated wristwatches ever made, a testament to Franck Muller's relentless pursuit of mechanical excellence.
In addition to its focus on complications, Franck Muller continuously embraced bold and creative designs. Collections like 'Vanguard' and 'Master Square' brought modern, dynamic aesthetics into the brand's portfolio, appealing to a younger generation of watch enthusiasts while still maintaining the technical prowess that defined the company. Muller's designs, often seen with oversized numerals, vibrant colours, and skeletonized dials, reflected a sense of fun and irreverence rarely seen in luxury watchmaking.
Franck Muller's reputation also grew through its innovative approach to watchmaking materials and production techniques. The brand introduced several exclusive in-house movements and complications, ensuring that it remained at the cutting edge of horological technology. Despite being a relatively young brand, Franck Muller quickly positioned itself as a leader in luxury watches, admired for its technical innovations and design philosophy.
Another factor that contributed to Franck Muller's allure was the exclusivity of its watches. Each piece is handcrafted in the brand's facility, often in limited quantities, making them highly sought after by collectors. The 'World Presentation of Haute Horlogerie' (WPHH), an annual event hosted by the brand at its Watchland headquarters, showcases Franck Muller's latest innovations and solidifies its status as a leading name in haute horlogerie.
Today, Franck Muller remains a symbol of creative freedom in the world of watchmaking, combining elaborate complications with audacious design. Its watches, ranging from the complex 'Vanguard' Gravity to the playful 'Crazy Hours', continue to push the boundaries of both technical innovation and aesthetic boldness, securing Franck Muller's place as a leader in avant-garde Swiss watchmaking.
A History of IWC Watches
Founded in 1868 by American watchmaker Florentine Ariosto Jones, the International Watch Company (IWC) is renowned for blending Swiss craftsmanship with American engineering ingenuity. Jones, a Boston native, sought to combine advanced American production methods with Swiss horological tradition. He chose Schaffhausen, Switzerland, as the site for his factory, taking advantage of the region's skilled artisans and the hydropower from the nearby Rhine River. IWC quickly became known for producing precise and reliable movements, setting the foundation for the brand's reputation in high-quality watchmaking.
IWC's early years were marked by its production of pocket watches equipped with innovative and robust movements. One of the company's first significant milestones came in 1885 when it developed one of the earliest digital displays for pocket watches, known as the 'Pallweber' system, which displayed the hours and minutes numerically rather than with traditional hands. This inventive approach signalled IWC's commitment to innovation, which would continue to define its development in the decades to come.
By the early 20th century, IWC shifted its focus to producing wristwatches. In 1936, the company introduced its first 'Special Pilot's Watch', designed to meet the rigorous demands of aviators. This model featured a rotating bezel with an arrowhead index for recording short times and antimagnetic protection—pioneering characteristics for a pilot's watch. The connection to aviation would become a defining aspect of IWC's legacy. The release of the 'Big Pilot's Watch' in 1940, with its oversized crown and highly legible dial, solidified IWC's place as a leader in pilot watch design. These early aviation watches remain some of the most iconic timepieces in IWC's portfolio.
In the 1940s, IWC's focus on precision and engineering excellence expanded into the military realm. The 'Mark XI', introduced in 1948, was created for the British Royal Air Force and became a benchmark in the development of pilot's watches. The watch was known for its rugged durability, precise movement, and excellent legibility, earning it a place in horological history as a military watch icon.
IWC's engineering prowess was also evident in its diving watches. The introduction of the 'Aquatimer' in 1967 marked IWC's entry into the world of professional diving timepieces. With its innovative internal rotating bezel and 200-meter water resistance, the 'Aquatimer' quickly gained recognition for its robust design and underwater functionality. The collection would go on to become a cornerstone of IWC's sports watch line.
In 1978, IWC formed a groundbreaking partnership with the renowned designer Ferdinand A. Porsche, leading to the creation of the 'Porsche Design' line. This collaboration produced innovative timepieces, including the world's first titanium wristwatch, the 'Titanium Chronograph', in 1980. This use of titanium revolutionised the watch industry by introducing a lightweight yet extremely durable material, and it reinforced IWC's reputation for pushing the boundaries of watchmaking technology.
IWC's passion for horological complexity came to the fore in the 1980s with the release of the 'Da Vinci Perpetual Calendar' in 1985. This highly complicated timepiece, designed by master watchmaker Kurt Klaus, featured a perpetual calendar and a chronograph, all controlled by a single crown—a technical marvel. The 'Da Vinci' collection showcased IWC's ability to merge intricate mechanical movements with timeless design, further cementing its place in the world of haute horlogerie.
In 1993, IWC celebrated its 125th anniversary with the introduction of the 'Il Destriero Scafusia', a grand complication that featured a minute repeater, tourbillon, and perpetual calendar—one of the most complicated wristwatches of its time. This model exemplified IWC's dedication to precision engineering and complex watchmaking.
The turn of the 21st century saw IWC solidify its collections around its key themes of aviation, diving, and haute horlogerie. The 'Pilot's Watch' family expanded with models like the 'Spitfire' and 'Top Gun', while the 'Portuguese' collection—first introduced in 1939—became a flagship line, known for its elegant design and precise movements. Originally commissioned by Portuguese sailors seeking marine chronometer accuracy in a wristwatch, the 'Portuguese' (now known as the 'Portugieser') exemplified IWC's balance of form and function.
Another milestone came in 2000 when IWC introduced its in-house movement, the 'Caliber 5000', featuring a seven-day power reserve and automatic winding. This innovation underscored IWC's commitment to producing movements that combined endurance with technical sophistication.
Today, IWC Schaffhausen continues to be celebrated for its engineering-focused approach to watchmaking, blending precision, durability, and refined aesthetics. Collections like the 'Big Pilot', 'Portugieser', 'Aquatimer', and 'Ingenieur' have earned the brand a global following, appealing to adventurers, pilots, divers, and horology enthusiasts alike.
IWC's enduring success is built on a legacy of technical innovation, meticulous craftsmanship, and a deep connection to the worlds of aviation and exploration, making it one of the most respected names in Swiss luxury watchmaking.
A History of Jaeger LeCoultre Watches
Founded in 1833 by Antoine LeCoultre in the Vallée de Joux, Switzerland, Jaeger-LeCoultre has earned its reputation as the “watchmaker's watchmaker,” known for its unparalleled craftsmanship, innovative technologies, and remarkable complications. LeCoultre established his workshop, where he focused on creating precision movements, making a name for himself by producing exceptional timepieces that combined artistry with mechanical ingenuity.
Antoine LeCoultre's vision for innovation was evident from the beginning. In 1844, he invented the Millionomètre, the world's first measuring instrument capable of accurately measuring a thousandth of a millimetre. This precision instrument laid the groundwork for the brand's commitment to accuracy and meticulous craftsmanship. By 1866, LeCoultre had produced the first movement entirely manufactured under one roof, showcasing his dedication to quality control and in-house expertise.
In 1903, Jaeger-LeCoultre entered into a partnership with the French watchmaker Edmond Jaeger, leading to the creation of the iconic brand name. This collaboration resulted in the development of several groundbreaking timepieces, including ultra-thin movements. In 1907, the brand introduced the 'Caliber 145', a movement that achieved remarkable thinness, which would later inspire the legendary 'Reverso'.
One of Jaeger-LeCoultre's most significant innovations came in 1931 with the launch of the 'Reverso', a watch originally designed for British Army officers stationed in India. Its distinctive reversible case, which allowed the watch face to be flipped over to protect the crystal during sports or polo matches, became an instant classic. The 'Reverso' is now a symbol of the brand, celebrated for its Art Deco elegance and versatility, and remains a staple in Jaeger-LeCoultre's collection.
Jaeger-LeCoultre's commitment to craftsmanship and innovation continued through the decades, with the introduction of numerous complications and iconic models. In 1953, the brand launched the 'Memovox', one of the first automatic watches with an alarm function, which has since become a beloved collection. The 'Master Control' line, introduced in 1992, exemplified the brand's dedication to precision and durability, featuring a series of timepieces that underwent rigorous testing for accuracy, water resistance, and power reserve.
The 21st century marked a period of continued innovation and celebration of horological artistry for Jaeger-LeCoultre. The brand released the 'Master Grande Tradition' collection, showcasing high complications such as the minute repeater and tourbillon, which highlighted the brand's watchmaking expertise. In 2004, Jaeger-LeCoultre celebrated its 175th anniversary by introducing the 'Grande Maison' collection, a tribute to its heritage and craftsmanship, which included timepieces with innovative complications.
The introduction of the 'Duomètre' collection in 2007 showcased the brand's prowess in creating dual-time zone watches. Featuring the 'Dual-Wing' system, which separates the timekeeping functions for enhanced accuracy, the 'Duomètre' exemplified Jaeger-LeCoultre's dedication to technical excellence.
Jaeger-LeCoultre is also known for its commitment to sustainable luxury and craftsmanship. The brand's workshop in the Vallée de Joux employs traditional watchmaking techniques alongside modern technology, ensuring that each piece is made with the utmost care and precision. This dedication extends to the brand's environmental initiatives, which aim to reduce the ecological footprint of its manufacturing processes.
With a diverse range of collections, including the 'Reverso', 'Master', 'Polaris', and 'Atmos'—a unique clock that runs on temperature changes—Jaeger-LeCoultre continues to captivate watch enthusiasts and collectors around the world. Its timepieces blend classic design with innovative technology, making them a favourite among connoisseurs.
Today, Jaeger-LeCoultre remains a hallmark of luxury and precision in the world of haute horlogerie. Known for its commitment to craftsmanship, innovation, and timeless elegance, the brand stands as a testament to the artistry of Swiss watchmaking, often referred to as the “watchmaker's watchmaker” for its contributions to the industry and its influence on countless other brands.
A History of Bell & Ross Watches
Bell & Ross was founded in 1992 by Bruno Belamich and Carlos Rosillo, driven by a shared vision to create timepieces that merged functionality with refined aesthetics. The duo sought to produce watches that could withstand the rigorous demands of professionals, particularly in the fields of aviation, military, and diving. Their journey began in the heart of France, where they combined their expertise in design and engineering to address the needs of discerning users.
The brand's pivotal moment came in 2005 with the launch of the BR 01 watch, a bold and distinctive piece that showcased a square case inspired by cockpit instruments. This iconic design not only celebrated aviation heritage but also established Bell & Ross as a leader in the luxury watch sector. The BR 01 quickly became a symbol of the brand, combining striking aesthetics with unparalleled functionality.
Bell & Ross emphasises functionality through rigorous testing and collaboration with professionals from various fields. Each watch is designed to meet specific requirements for durability, legibility, and precision, ensuring that they can perform under extreme conditions. This close relationship with pilots, military personnel, and divers informs every aspect of their designs.
Throughout the years, Bell & Ross has expanded its offerings, introducing a diverse range of collections that include the BR 03, BR 05, and unique diving watches. The brand is known for its innovative use of materials and technology, often incorporating advanced features such as Swiss automatic movements, ceramic cases, and luminous markings for enhanced visibility.
Bell & Ross has also made a name for itself in the realm of limited editions and thematic collaborations, creating timepieces that celebrate milestones in aviation and military history or showcase artistic innovations. These exclusive releases have further solidified the brand's status among collectors and enthusiasts.
Today, Bell & Ross stands as a distinguished name in luxury watchmaking, recognised for its commitment to precision, reliability, and distinctive design. The brand continues to inspire with its forward-thinking approach and dedication to crafting timepieces that resonate with both professionals and watch lovers worldwide, ensuring its legacy in the rich tapestry of horological history.
A HISTORY OF PANERAI WATCHES
Panerai, founded in 1860 by Giovanni Panerai in Florence, Italy, began as a small watchmaking workshop, showroom, and school. Initially focused on importing Swiss watches into Italy, Panerai quickly built a reputation for its precision instruments and timepieces. Over the years, Panerai evolved into a brand known for its distinctive designs and a deep connection with the Italian Navy, creating watches that combined Italian style with Swiss watchmaking expertise.
In 1916, Panerai developed its first major innovation: 'Radiomir', a radium-based luminous paint, which provided exceptional visibility in low-light conditions. This material would later inspire the name of one of Panerai's most iconic watches. The 'Radiomir' was first used in military instruments and was a key factor in Panerai's partnership with the Italian Navy. In 1936, Panerai began producing prototype watches for the Royal Italian Navy's frogmen, or "commando divers," which required durable, highly legible watches for their underwater missions.
In 1938, Panerai officially introduced the 'Radiomir' watch, which featured a large, cushion-shaped case, water resistance, and exceptional legibility thanks to its luminous dial. This model became the blueprint for Panerai's signature look, with its oversized design and simple, functional aesthetic. The watches were powered by Swiss movements supplied by Rolex, emphasising the brand's reliance on Swiss precision while maintaining Italian design sensibilities.
Throughout World War II, Panerai continued to supply the Italian Navy with its robust and reliable diving watches. In 1950, Panerai introduced the 'Luminor' model, an evolution of the 'Radiomir' that incorporated a new luminous material—'Luminor', which was safer than radium—as well as the now-famous crown-protecting bridge, a design element that has become synonymous with the brand. The 'Luminor' was highly durable and water-resistant, designed to withstand the extreme conditions faced by military divers.
For many years, Panerai watches remained exclusive to military use, virtually unknown to the public. This changed in 1993, when Panerai began producing limited-edition watches for civilian collectors. The distinctive style, rugged design, and historical connection to the military made Panerai watches an instant success with enthusiasts. The brand's combination of Italian aesthetics and Swiss craftsmanship set it apart in the luxury watch market.
In 1997, Panerai was acquired by the Richemont Group, which helped propel the brand onto the global stage. With Richemont's support, Panerai began manufacturing watches in Switzerland, bringing the technical expertise of Swiss watchmaking to its Italian designs. The brand expanded its collections and continued to innovate, offering variations of the 'Radiomir' and 'Luminor' models, while maintaining their iconic look.
In the 2000s, Panerai introduced in-house movements, further cementing its status as a serious player in the world of luxury watches. These movements, crafted in Panerai's Neuchâtel manufacture, demonstrated the brand's commitment to precision and innovation. Models like the 'Luminor 1950' and 'Radiomir 1940' offered modern interpretations of the brand's historical designs, combining cutting-edge technology with timeless style.
Panerai's watches have also become a favourite in the world of cinema, with actors like Sylvester Stallone and Arnold Schwarzenegger wearing Panerai timepieces in films, boosting the brand's profile among collectors and fans of rugged, oversized watches.
Today, Panerai is renowned for its unique blend of Italian design, military heritage, and Swiss watchmaking. With collections like 'Luminor', 'Radiomir', and 'Submersible', Panerai continues to push the boundaries of innovation while staying true to its roots in the world of diving and exploration. Its bold, easily recognisable designs and commitment to technical excellence have made it a standout in the world of luxury watchmaking.
A HISTORY OF HUBLOT WATCHES
Founded in 1980 by Italian watchmaker Carlo Crocco, Hublot made an immediate impact on the luxury watch industry by pioneering the concept of '"fusion"'—the innovative blending of materials. Hublot's first watch was notable for its unconventional use of a rubber strap, a first in the world of high-end watchmaking, paired with a porthole-inspired gold case. This groundbreaking combination of precious and modern materials became the brand's signature aesthetic.
Hublot remained relatively niche until 2004 when industry veteran Jean-Claude Biver became CEO. Under his leadership, Hublot gained international prominence with the launch of the 'Big Bang' collection in 2005. The 'Big Bang' brought together diverse materials such as ceramics, Kevlar, carbon fibre, and titanium, while retaining Hublot's distinctive rubber strap. The bold, oversized chronograph with its multi-layered construction was a huge success, revitalising the brand and cementing its position as a leader in contemporary luxury watchmaking.
Hublot continued to push the boundaries of design and technology, introducing the 'Unico' in-house movement and exploring avant-garde materials like 'sapphire crystal', 'Magic Gold' (a scratch-resistant gold alloy), and high-tech ceramics. Known for collaborations with sports organisations, including partnerships with FIFA and Ferrari, Hublot has solidified its place as a forward-thinking brand that challenges traditional watchmaking conventions.
Today, Hublot is celebrated for its daring designs and innovative spirit, embodying the idea of luxury redefined through '"The Art of Fusion."'
A HISTORY OF TUDOR WATCHES
Tudor was founded in 1926 by Hans Wilsdorf, the visionary behind Rolex. Wilsdorf's aim was to create a brand that offered the precision and reliability of a Rolex, but at a more accessible price point. With Tudor, he achieved a perfect balance of affordability and performance, making it a preferred choice for professionals and adventurers who needed robust timepieces.
In its early years, Tudor capitalised on the reputation of Rolex by using Rolex cases and winding crowns, paired with outsourced but high-quality movements. This allowed Tudor to deliver reliable watches while maintaining a distinct identity. The breakthrough moment came in 1954 with the launch of the 'Tudor Oyster Prince Submariner', a rugged dive watch designed for professionals and military use. Over the years, Tudor's Submariners were adopted by the French Navy, reinforcing the brand's reputation for toughness and precision.
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Tudor expanded its offerings with models like the 'Tudor Oysterdate Chronograph' and continued to innovate with sports and tool watches. However, Tudor went through a quieter period in the 1990s, stepping out of the spotlight until its revival in 2009.
Tudor's resurgence was marked by the introduction of the 'Heritage collection', which reinterpreted iconic models from its past, including the 'Tudor Heritage Black Bay'. This collection has been crucial in reestablishing Tudor's presence in the luxury market, combining vintage aesthetics with modern watchmaking techniques. In 2015, Tudor took a major leap by introducing its own in-house movement, further solidifying its reputation as a brand of substance and innovation.
Today, Tudor stands as a bold, high-performance alternative to Rolex, celebrated for its robust construction, timeless design, and exceptional value.
A HISTORY OF A LANGE & SÖHNE WATCHES
A. Lange & Söhne was founded in 1845 by Ferdinand Adolph Lange in Glashütte, Germany, a small town that would become the heart of German watchmaking. Lange's goal was to establish a high-precision watchmaking industry in Saxony, and his early efforts laid the foundation for what would become one of the most respected names in haute horlogerie.
For over a century, A. Lange & Söhne produced exceptional pocket watches, known for their meticulous craftsmanship and technical innovation. However, the company's fortunes changed dramatically after World War II. In 1948, the brand was nationalised under the Soviet-controlled East German regime, and the Lange name disappeared from the watch industry for over 40 years.
A. Lange & Söhne's rebirth came after the reunification of Germany in 1990, led by Ferdinand Adolph Lange's great-grandson, Walter Lange. In 1994, the brand made a triumphant return with the launch of its first modern collection, which included the now-iconic 'Lange 1'. Featuring an asymmetrical dial layout and the brand's signature 'outsize date display', the Lange 1 became an instant classic and helped re-establish the brand as a force in high-end watchmaking.
A. Lange & Söhne is distinguished by its dedication to precision, complexity, and finishing, all while adhering to traditional German watchmaking principles. The company is renowned for its 'in-house movements', meticulously hand-finished components, and intricate complications, including 'tourbillons', 'perpetual calendars', and the famous 'Zeitwerk' digital time display.
Today, A. Lange & Söhne is celebrated for its uncompromising approach to quality, creating some of the world's most exquisite and technically advanced mechanical timepieces. With its blend of heritage, innovation, and artisanal craftsmanship, the brand stands as a paragon of German horological excellence.
A HISTORY OF BLANCPAIN WATCHES
Founded in 1735 by Jehan-Jacques Blancpain in the Swiss village of Villeret, Blancpain is recognised as the world's oldest watchmaking brand. From its beginnings as a small workshop, Blancpain focused on crafting high-quality mechanical timepieces, building a reputation for precision and reliability.
For much of its history, Blancpain remained a family-run business, passing through generations and adapting to the evolving demands of watchmaking. However, its modern identity as a pioneer in haute horlogerie was solidified in the 20th century. In 1953, Blancpain introduced the 'Fifty Fathoms', one of the first modern dive watches. Created in partnership with French Navy combat divers, it featured a rotating bezel, luminescent markers, and an impressive water resistance rating—revolutionary at the time. The Fifty Fathoms became a benchmark for dive watches and is still regarded as one of the most iconic models in that category.
Blancpain continued to innovate, especially in the realm of mechanical watches, even as the Quartz Crisis of the 1970s led many Swiss brands to embrace electronic movements. The brand, famously stating it would never produce a quartz watch, focused instead on refining traditional mechanical watchmaking. Blancpain played a crucial role in the 'mechanical watch renaissance' of the 1980s and 1990s, offering exquisite craftsmanship and complex complications, such as tourbillons, perpetual calendars, and minute repeaters.
In 1992, Blancpain became part of the Swatch Group, but it has remained true to its heritage of producing exclusively mechanical timepieces. Blancpain is particularly known for its ultra-thin movements and expertise in high complications. The 'Villeret' collection, named after the brand's birthplace, exemplifies its commitment to elegant, traditional watchmaking, while the 'Fifty Fathoms' continues to embody technical prowess.
Today, Blancpain is revered for its dedication to craftsmanship, innovation, and tradition, creating luxurious, finely crafted mechanical watches that uphold its status as one of the most prestigious names in Swiss horology.
A HISTORY OF GIRARD-PERREGAUX WATCHES
Founded in 1791 in La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland, Girard-Perregaux is one of the oldest Swiss watch manufacturers, with a long tradition of innovation and technical expertise. The brand's name was officially established in 1856 when watchmaker Constant Girard merged his company with Marie Perregaux, marking the beginning of a family-run enterprise that would become a cornerstone of haute horlogerie.
Girard-Perregaux quickly distinguished itself with groundbreaking mechanical advancements. In 1867, Constant Girard developed the famous 'Tourbillon with Three Gold Bridges', which won international acclaim for its beauty and technical brilliance. This design, with its signature three parallel bridges, became an iconic symbol of Girard-Perregaux and remains a hallmark of the brand to this day.
Throughout the 20th century, Girard-Perregaux continued to push the boundaries of watchmaking. In 1966, the company introduced its 'high-frequency movement', operating at 36,000 vibrations per hour (vph), significantly improving the accuracy of mechanical watches. This innovation earned Girard-Perregaux a place at the forefront of precision timekeeping. The brand also played a pioneering role in the development of quartz movements, introducing the 'first quartz wristwatch' to market in 1970 with a frequency standard of 32,768 Hz, which remains the global standard for quartz watches today.
Despite its contributions to quartz technology, Girard-Perregaux stayed committed to traditional mechanical watchmaking. The 'Laureato' collection, launched in 1975, became one of its most enduring models, offering a blend of sporty design and sophisticated mechanics, and is still one of the brand's flagship lines.
Today, Girard-Perregaux is known for its high-complication watches, including tourbillons, minute repeaters, and perpetual calendars, all characterised by their refined aesthetics and innovative engineering. The brand remains committed to craftsmanship and innovation, blending its rich heritage with modern horological advances, making it a revered name in the world of fine watchmaking.
A HISTORY OF MAURICE LACROIX WATCHES
Founded in 1975, Maurice Lacroix is a relatively young brand in the world of Swiss watchmaking, yet it has quickly gained recognition for its modern approach to traditional craftsmanship. The brand was established by the Desco von Schulthess company, a Swiss luxury goods firm, with the vision of creating high-quality timepieces that combine innovation with elegant design.
Maurice Lacroix gained early success with its distinctive blend of classic Swiss watchmaking and contemporary style. The brand quickly became known for its attention to detail and high standards of quality, producing watches entirely in-house, including the assembly of movements. Maurice Lacroix made a significant leap in 1990 when it began developing its own in-house mechanical movements and complications, positioning itself as a serious contender in the luxury watch market.
The company's commitment to innovation became most evident with the introduction of its 'Masterpiece collection' in the early 1990s. This series showcased the brand's horological expertise with high complications, including 'retrograde displays', 'moon phases', and 'chronographs', all housed in beautifully designed cases. The 'Masterpiece Retrograde' became one of Maurice Lacroix's signature models, embodying the brand's philosophy of combining traditional mechanical engineering with modern aesthetics.
Maurice Lacroix continued to innovate, earning a reputation for creating complex watches that are also visually striking. The launch of the 'Pontos' and 'Aikon' collections further cemented the brand's status as a purveyor of both sporty and sophisticated designs, with the Aikon's integrated bracelet and bold design elements becoming a hallmark of the brand.
Today, Maurice Lacroix stands out for its commitment to delivering Swiss craftsmanship with a modern edge. Its focus on precision, creativity, and innovation, combined with competitive pricing, makes it a popular choice for watch enthusiasts looking for both quality and contemporary style.
A HISTORY OF PARMIGIANI WATCHES
Established in 1996 by master watchmaker Michel Parmigiani, Parmigiani Fleurier has rapidly earned its place among the elite names in haute horlogerie. Michel Parmigiani's career began as one of the world's leading restorers of antique clocks and watches, a foundation that heavily influenced the brand's commitment to preserving traditional Swiss craftsmanship while embracing contemporary innovation.
Parmigiani's expertise in restoration set the tone for a brand dedicated to excellence in both artistry and engineering. With the support of the Sandoz Family Foundation, Parmigiani Fleurier was able to develop into a fully integrated manufacture, producing every component in-house, from movements to cases and dials. This vertical integration allows Parmigiani to maintain complete control over quality and design, which has become a hallmark of the brand.
Among Parmigiani Fleurier's early successes was the 'Kalpa' collection, featuring a distinctive tonneau-shaped case, now synonymous with the brand. Another signature line, the 'Toric' collection, exemplifies the company's dedication to traditional watchmaking with its round case, hand-crafted guilloché dials, and technically advanced movements.
Parmigiani Fleurier is renowned for its technical mastery, offering high complications such as 'tourbillons', 'minute repeaters', and 'perpetual calendars'. One of its most innovative creations is the 'Bugatti Type 370', designed in partnership with the luxury carmaker, featuring a transverse movement inspired by a car engine. This partnership reflects the brand's ability to push the boundaries of traditional watchmaking.
In addition to innovation, Parmigiani continues to honour its roots in restoration, often drawing inspiration from the historical timepieces Michel Parmigiani worked on early in his career. This connection between heritage and modernity defines the brand's unique character.
Today, Parmigiani Fleurier stands as a symbol of uncompromising craftsmanship, technical ingenuity, and bold design, a true testament to Michel Parmigiani's vision for preserving the art of horology while driving it into the future.
A HISTORY OF VACHERON CONSTANTIN WATCHES
Founded in 1755 by Jean-Marc Vacheron in Geneva, Vacheron Constantin is one of the world's oldest continuously operating watchmakers, with a rich history spanning more than 260 years. Renowned for its meticulous craftsmanship and technical mastery, the brand has played a pivotal role in shaping Swiss haute horlogerie, producing some of the most exquisite and technically advanced timepieces in the world.
Vacheron Constantin's commitment to excellence was evident from the beginning, as Jean-Marc Vacheron and his successors crafted highly accurate and beautifully finished watches for European aristocracy. In 1819, François Constantin joined the company, marking the start of the brand's modern identity and its motto, “Do better if possible, and that is always possible”—a guiding principle that remains central to its philosophy.
Throughout its long history, Vacheron Constantin has been synonymous with innovation and high complications. In 1824, the company introduced one of the earliest watches with a jumping hour function. In the 20th century, Vacheron Constantin continued to push the boundaries of watchmaking, producing some of the world's most complex pocket watches, including the 'Reference 57260', a bespoke timepiece created in 2015, boasting a staggering 57 complications, the most ever in a single watch.
Key collections like the 'Patrimony', 'Traditionnelle', and 'Overseas' showcase the brand's timeless design language and technical sophistication. The 'Patrimony' collection embodies understated elegance with its minimalist design, while the 'Overseas' collection offers a sporty yet luxurious alternative, equipped with versatile features for the modern traveller.
Vacheron Constantin is also renowned for its hand-finishing techniques, with each timepiece exemplifying the highest level of artistry and craftsmanship. The brand is a key member of the 'Holy Trinity' of watchmaking, alongside Patek Philippe and Audemars Piguet, a testament to its enduring status as one of the most prestigious names in the industry.
Today, Vacheron Constantin continues to uphold its heritage of horological excellence while embracing modern innovations. Known for creating masterpieces that combine timeless aesthetics with cutting-edge mechanics, the brand remains a beacon of luxury and refinement in the world of high watchmaking.
A HISTORY OF BAUME & MERCIER WATCHES
Founded in 1830 by brothers Louis-Victor and Joseph Baume in the Swiss Jura Mountains, Baume & Mercier has established itself as a reputable name in the world of Swiss watchmaking, celebrated for its commitment to quality and timeless design. The brand has a rich history characterised by a passion for precision and craftsmanship, which has consistently guided its evolution.
Baume & Mercier initially focused on creating high-quality pocket watches, earning recognition for their reliability and accuracy. In 1918, the brand merged with the Mercier family, leading to the establishment of Baume & Mercier as a prominent luxury watch manufacturer. Throughout the 20th century, the brand distinguished itself with innovative designs and advanced movements, contributing to its growing reputation.
The introduction of the 'Baume & Mercier Riviera' in 1973 marked a significant milestone for the brand, as it embraced a more sporty and modern aesthetic with a distinctive octagonal bezel. This collection became a favourite among watch enthusiasts and is still highly regarded today. The 'Classima' collection, known for its elegant and classic design, further solidified Baume & Mercier's reputation for producing sophisticated timepieces suitable for any occasion.
Baume & Mercier is committed to maintaining traditional watchmaking values while incorporating modern technologies. The brand places a strong emphasis on craftsmanship, with each watch being meticulously crafted to ensure high standards of quality and precision. The use of premium materials, combined with attention to detail, results in timepieces that are both beautiful and functional.
In recent years, Baume & Mercier has focused on enhancing its collections with innovative features and modern designs, while remaining true to its heritage of elegance. The brand continues to appeal to a wide audience, offering a range of styles that cater to both classic and contemporary tastes.
Today, Baume & Mercier stands as a symbol of timeless elegance and Swiss craftsmanship, embodying the spirit of luxury and sophistication. With its rich history and dedication to quality, the brand remains a cherished name in the world of fine watchmaking.
A HISTORY OF BREGUET WATCHES
Founded in 1775 by Abraham-Louis Breguet in Paris, Breguet is a name synonymous with luxury, innovation, and precision in horology. Regarded as one of the most influential watchmakers in history, Breguet's pioneering spirit and technical advancements have left a lasting mark on the world of watchmaking.
Abraham-Louis Breguet's early work included the creation of the 'perpetual calendar', the 'tourbillon', and the 'self-winding mechanism', all of which are hallmarks of his genius and continue to influence modern watch design. His commitment to precision and elegance attracted a prestigious clientele, including royalty and prominent figures of his time, such as Queen Marie Antoinette and Napoleon Bonaparte. The brand's unique aesthetic, characterised by finely guilloché dials, blued hands, and a distinctive Breguet numerals style, has become a defining feature of its timepieces.
Breguet's innovations did not stop with mechanics; the brand also introduced notable designs that have stood the test of time. The 'Breguet Type XX', a chronograph created for the French military in the 1950s, exemplified the brand's commitment to functionality and style. The 'Classique' collection honors the brand's heritage with its timeless elegance, while the 'Marine' collection blends sportiness with sophistication, showcasing Breguet's versatility in modern design.
In 1999, Breguet became part of the Swatch Group, which has helped to further enhance its international presence while maintaining its reputation for exquisite craftsmanship. Today, Breguet continues to innovate, producing high-complication watches that embody both technical mastery and artistic beauty, such as the 'Grande Complication' and various tourbillons.
Breguet remains committed to preserving its rich history while embracing modern advancements in watchmaking. The brand's dedication to craftsmanship, artistry, and precision ensures its status as a pillar of haute horlogerie. With its legacy of innovation and elegance, Breguet continues to be revered as one of the great watchmakers in the world.
A HISTORY OF CHOPARD WATCHES
Chopard was founded in 1860 by Louis-Ulysse Chopard in Sonvilier, Switzerland. Initially known for producing high-quality precision pocket watches, Chopard quickly built a reputation for mechanical excellence and elegance, attracting clients including European royalty. In 1937, the brand relocated to Geneva under the leadership of Paul-Louis Chopard, positioning it closer to the heart of Swiss watchmaking.
A pivotal moment came in 1963 when Karl Scheufele, a German goldsmith, acquired Chopard, revitalising the brand. Under his direction, Chopard merged fine watchmaking with luxurious jewellery, setting the stage for its future as a global luxury brand. In 1976, Chopard introduced the 'Happy Diamonds' collection, featuring free-moving diamonds, an innovative and playful concept that became a signature of the brand. This was followed by the 'Happy Sport' line in 1980, which mixed steel with diamonds, catering to a younger, contemporary audience.
Chopard's association with motorsports began in 1988 when it became the official timekeeper of the 'Mille Miglia' rally, inspiring the popular 'Mille Miglia' collection. The brand further strengthened its horological reputation in 1996 with the launch of the 'L.U.C' collection, named after its founder, showcasing in-house movements and haute horlogerie complications.
In recent years, Chopard has committed to sustainability, using ethically sourced gold, and continues to be a major player in high jewellery, with its creations gracing red carpets worldwide. Today, under the leadership of the Scheufele family, Chopard stands as a symbol of elegance, innovation, and ethical luxury, renowned for its collections like 'Happy Diamonds', 'Mille Miglia', and 'L.U.C'.
A HISTORY OF ZENITH WATCHES
Founded in 1865 by visionary watchmaker Georges Favre-Jacot in Le Locle, Switzerland, Zenith quickly became a leader in precision timekeeping. Favre-Jacot revolutionised watch production by uniting all watchmaking crafts under one roof, creating one of the first true Swiss 'manufactures' and ensuring superior quality control. Zenith's commitment to accuracy was evident early on, and by the early 20th century, its precision chronometers were winning prestigious awards at international fairs and observatories.
The name "Zenith" was adopted in 1911, symbolising the highest point in the universe, reflecting Favre-Jacot's aspiration to achieve perfection in watchmaking. The brand became known for producing highly accurate and reliable timepieces, earning numerous chronometry prizes. This focus on precision would later solidify Zenith's place as a pioneering force in the world of horology.
A major breakthrough came in 1969 with the introduction of the 'El Primero', one of the first automatic chronograph movements in the world and still one of the most precise. Beating at an impressive 36,000 vibrations per hour (vph), the 'El Primero' offered unmatched accuracy, capable of measuring time to within 1/10th of a second. This revolutionary movement has become an enduring symbol of Zenith's technical prowess and remains in production today, powering many of the brand's most iconic models.
Zenith's 'El Primero' wasn't just a technical marvel; it became the heart of some of the most legendary timepieces in watchmaking, including models produced by other prestigious brands. Despite the quartz crisis of the 1970s that threatened the Swiss watch industry, Zenith's dedication to mechanical movements persisted, helping to preserve the heritage of Swiss craftsmanship.
In the late 20th century, under the stewardship of new ownership, Zenith expanded its collection and introduced a variety of models while continuing to innovate. The 'Chronomaster' and 'Pilot' collections paid homage to Zenith's tradition of precision and aviation heritage, while the 'Defy' line showcased the brand's modern, avant-garde spirit.
Zenith's continued commitment to innovation was exemplified in 2017 with the release of the 'Defy Lab', featuring the groundbreaking 'Zenith Oscillator'. This technological advancement replaced the traditional balance wheel and hairspring with a monolithic silicon oscillator, offering unprecedented precision and performance.
Throughout its history, Zenith has won over 2,300 chronometry prizes—more than any other watch brand—demonstrating its ongoing dedication to accuracy and craftsmanship. Today, Zenith remains a powerhouse in the world of Swiss luxury watchmaking, known for its high-performance movements, cutting-edge technology, and timeless designs.
With collections like 'El Primero', 'Chronomaster', 'Defy', and 'Pilot', Zenith continues to honour its heritage while pushing the boundaries of horological innovation, solidifying its reputation as one of the most respected names in the industry.
A HISTORY OF BREMONT WATCHES
Founded in 2002 by brothers Nick and Giles English, Bremont is a British luxury watch brand known for its deep connection to aviation and military history. The idea for Bremont was born after the English brothers, both aviation enthusiasts and pilots, survived a life-threatening plane crash in 1995. This experience, combined with their passion for aviation and engineering, inspired them to create durable, precision-engineered timepieces designed to endure the rigors of flying.
Bremont's ethos is rooted in the values of mechanical excellence, durability, and a dedication to adventure. The brand quickly established itself with a unique focus on pilot watches, drawing on the brothers' personal passion for flight and their deep connections within the aviation community. The company's name pays homage to a French farmer named Antoine Bremont, who once sheltered the brothers after an emergency landing during a flight in France—reflecting the brand's personal history and aviation spirit.
Bremont's first collection, launched in 2007, emphasised robustness, precision, and British craftsmanship. Each timepiece is built to withstand extreme conditions and is tested beyond standard industry benchmarks. Bremont watches are COSC-certified, a testament to their precision and reliability. The brand's commitment to high-quality, durable designs made it a favourite among adventurers, military personnel, and aviation enthusiasts alike.
One of Bremont's signature innovations is its 'Trip-Tick' case design, which provides superior protection for the movement by using a three-part construction that enhances the watch's durability and aesthetics. Additionally, Bremont uses hardened steel, making its watches exceptionally resistant to scratches and shocks—qualities that appeal to both professional pilots and those seeking robust, reliable timepieces.
Bremont has also earned a strong reputation through its partnerships with the military and armed forces. The company produces special edition watches for squadrons, naval units, and other elite military groups, many of which feature customised designs tailored to the specific needs of these forces. Bremont's involvement with military personnel has further solidified its image as a producer of tough, utilitarian watches.
In 2010, Bremont released the 'MB' series, developed in collaboration with Martin-Baker, the British manufacturer of ejection seats. These watches are subjected to the same rigorous testing as ejection seats, including high-impact shocks, temperature extremes, and vibration resistance. The 'MB' series showcases Bremont's dedication to pushing the limits of durability and performance.
Beyond its aviation and military connections, Bremont has made its mark with various other limited-edition watches celebrating historical and cultural milestones. The 'Codebreaker' pays tribute to the World War II codebreakers at Bletchley Park, while the 'Jaguar' collection honours the iconic British automobile brand, drawing inspiration from classic Jaguar cars.
In 2021, Bremont made a significant leap forward by opening "The Wing," its state-of-the-art watch manufacturing facility in Henley-on-Thames, marking a major milestone in British watchmaking. The facility is part of Bremont's commitment to bringing more of its production processes in-house, advancing its goal of revitalising British horology.
Today, Bremont stands as one of the leading British luxury watch brands, known for its aviation heritage, military collaborations, and commitment to engineering excellence. With collections like 'ALT1', 'MB', 'Supermarine', and 'Jaguar', Bremont continues to fuse its passion for adventure and innovation with a dedication to British craftsmanship, offering timepieces that resonate with explorers, aviators, and watch enthusiasts worldwide.
A HISTORY OF GRAND SEIKO WATCHES
Grand Seiko was born out of a desire to create the most precise and elegant watches in the world, a mission embraced by its parent company, Seiko, founded in 1881 by Kintaro Hattori in Tokyo, Japan. Seiko had already made a name for itself in watchmaking, but in 1960, the company sought to elevate its craftsmanship to new heights, launching the Grand Seiko line. The goal was simple: to rival and surpass the finest Swiss luxury watches in terms of accuracy, durability, and beauty.
The first Grand Seiko, released in 1960, set a new standard for precision in wristwatches. Featuring an in-house mechanical movement, it was designed to be both a high-performance timepiece and an example of understated elegance. From the beginning, Grand Seiko emphasised simplicity and purity in its design language, adhering to the principle of "functional beauty"—a philosophy that remains central to the brand today.
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Grand Seiko watches were tested and recognised for their outstanding accuracy. In 1964, Grand Seiko introduced a chronometer standard that exceeded even Swiss benchmarks, further solidifying its reputation for precision. In 1967, Grand Seiko released the '44GS', a model that established the brand's iconic design language known as the "Grammar of Design." This design philosophy emphasised sharp angles, polished surfaces, and optimal readability—elements that define Grand Seiko to this day.
One of the most important developments in Grand Seiko's history came in 1969 when Seiko revolutionised the watch industry with the creation of the 'Quartz Astron', the world's first quartz wristwatch. This breakthrough led to the release of the first Grand Seiko quartz model in 1988, which combined quartz technology with the brand's commitment to precision and craftsmanship. The ultra-precise quartz movements developed by Grand Seiko offered accuracy far superior to standard quartz watches, solidifying its place in the world of luxury watchmaking.
In 1999, Grand Seiko introduced the 'Spring Drive' movement, a groundbreaking innovation that combines the high torque of a mechanical watch with the accuracy of quartz regulation. This movement, which produces a perfectly smooth sweeping second hand, is one of Grand Seiko's most notable achievements and a testament to the brand's mastery of both mechanical and quartz technologies.
In 2010, Grand Seiko began to expand its presence internationally, moving beyond the Japanese market to become a recognised global brand. With this expansion came greater recognition of Grand Seiko's distinctive approach to watchmaking, blending cutting-edge technology with traditional Japanese craftsmanship. The brand's timepieces are produced in two elite facilities in Japan: The Shizukuishi Watch Studio in Morioka for mechanical movements and the Shinshu Watch Studio in Nagano for quartz and Spring Drive movements.
Grand Seiko's commitment to craftsmanship is reflected in its attention to detail, from the zaratsu-polished cases, which create a mirror-like finish, to the intricate dial designs that often take inspiration from Japanese nature. The brand's dedication to creating timepieces that embody both precision and beauty has made it a favourite among collectors and connoisseurs.
Today, Grand Seiko offers a range of collections, including mechanical, quartz, and Spring Drive models, each reflecting the brand's core values of accuracy, craftsmanship, and timeless design. Collections like the 'Heritage', 'Elegance', and 'Sport' lines demonstrate the brand's versatility, while limited-edition models celebrate Grand Seiko's deep connection to Japanese culture and artistry.
With over six decades of innovation and a commitment to perfecting the art of watchmaking, Grand Seiko stands as a symbol of Japanese excellence in horology, revered for its unmatched precision, elegant design, and dedication to craftsmanship. As a luxury brand, it continues to push the boundaries of what is possible in watchmaking, blending tradition with modern innovation.
A HISTORY OF LONGINES WATCHES
Longines, founded in 1832 by Auguste Agassiz in the town of Saint-Imier, Switzerland, is one of the oldest Swiss watch brands still in operation. Known for its commitment to precision, elegance, and innovation, Longines began as a family-run business producing timepieces with a focus on reliability. By the mid-19th century, the brand had established itself as a key player in the Swiss watchmaking industry, gaining recognition for its high-quality pocket watches.
In 1867, Longines took a major step forward with the establishment of its first factory in Saint-Imier, named "Les Longines" after the fields surrounding the factory. This marked the beginning of centralised production, allowing the company to streamline its manufacturing processes and maintain high standards of quality. That same year, Longines developed its first in-house movement, the '20A', which won an award at the Universal Exhibition in Paris.
Longines quickly became known for its technical innovations, earning accolades for precision timekeeping. By the late 19th century, the brand was supplying watches to various industries, including aviation, navigation, and sports timing. Longines played a crucial role in the development of chronographs and timekeeping systems, establishing itself as a pioneer in precision measurement.
In 1913, Longines introduced its first wrist chronograph, further cementing its reputation for precision. The brand became synonymous with timing sporting events, serving as the official timekeeper for major international competitions, including the Olympic Games. Longines' relationship with aviation grew in the 1920s and 1930s, as the brand developed highly accurate watches and instruments for pioneering aviators such as Charles Lindbergh, who collaborated with Longines to create the 'Hour Angle' watch after his historic transatlantic flight in 1927. This timepiece became a key navigation tool for pilots.
The brand's expertise in timing continued to evolve, and Longines became a trusted partner in sports, timing prestigious events in equestrian sports, tennis, and skiing. In 1952, Longines served as the official timekeeper of the Winter Olympics in Oslo, and the brand's dedication to accuracy in sports timing remains a defining aspect of its identity today.
In terms of design, Longines has always embraced elegance and simplicity, creating timeless watches that appeal to a wide range of tastes. The 'Flagship' collection, introduced in 1957, became one of the brand's most iconic lines, combining classic design with advanced mechanical movements. Over the years, Longines continued to expand its collections, offering a variety of styles while maintaining a focus on precision and refinement.
In the 1980s, Longines became part of the Swatch Group, which helped secure its position in the global market and allowed the brand to continue its tradition of innovation. Longines remains dedicated to creating timepieces that embody both technical excellence and aesthetic appeal.
Today, Longines offers a range of collections, including the 'Master', 'Conquest', and 'Heritage' lines, which celebrate the brand's long-standing commitment to precision, craftsmanship, and timeless elegance. With over 190 years of history, Longines is a symbol of Swiss watchmaking tradition, known for its technical innovations and classic designs that have stood the test of time.
A HISTORY OF ROGER DUBUIS WATCHES
Roger Dubuis, founded in 1995 by master watchmaker Roger Dubuis and designer Carlos Dias, has rapidly established itself as a trailblazer in the world of haute horlogerie. Based in Geneva, Switzerland, the brand was born from a desire to merge the highest standards of traditional Swiss craftsmanship with avant-garde design, creating watches that are both technically remarkable and visually bold. From its inception, Roger Dubuis sought to push the boundaries of innovation while adhering to the stringent demands of haute horlogerie.
Roger Dubuis, the man behind the brand, brought decades of watchmaking experience to the company, having worked at Patek Philippe for over 14 years. His expertise in complications and high-precision movements laid the foundation for the brand's commitment to mechanical excellence. From the outset, Roger Dubuis watches were characterised by their complex movements, often featuring tourbillons, minute repeaters, and other sophisticated complications.
In 1999, Roger Dubuis achieved a significant milestone with the launch of the 'Sympathie' and 'Hommage' collections, which showcased the brand's mastery of traditional craftsmanship combined with daring design elements. These models also emphasised the brand's dedication to Geneva Seal certification ('Poinçon de Genève'), a mark of quality and excellence reserved for timepieces crafted to the highest standards within the Canton of Geneva. Roger Dubuis is one of the few brands to have nearly all of its movements certified with this prestigious seal, symbolising precision, craftsmanship, and Geneva's rich horological heritage.
One of the defining characteristics of Roger Dubuis is its bold aesthetic, which distinguishes it from more traditional luxury watch brands. The watches feature large, expressive cases, skeletonised dials, and intricate detailing, all hallmarks of the brand's philosophy of combining watchmaking art with modern, extravagant design. The 'Excalibur' collection, launched in 2005, perfectly exemplifies this ethos, with its iconic notched bezel, triple lugs, and skeletonized movements. The 'Excalibur' quickly became the flagship collection of the brand, offering daring designs coupled with technical mastery.
In 2008, the Richemont Group acquired a majority stake in Roger Dubuis, enabling the brand to expand its global presence while maintaining its independence in design and production. With Richemont's backing, Roger Dubuis continued to innovate, introducing advanced materials like carbon fibre, titanium, and cutting-edge movement technologies, enhancing its reputation for pushing horological boundaries.
Roger Dubuis has also made a mark through its unique partnerships, particularly with the high-performance automotive world. In collaboration with Lamborghini and Pirelli, the brand developed special edition timepieces that echo the precision and power of these luxury cars, merging the worlds of haute horlogerie and motorsports. These partnerships underscore Roger Dubuis' daring and contemporary spirit, positioning it as a brand that embraces both luxury and adrenaline.
Today, Roger Dubuis continues to lead in avant-garde watchmaking, with collections like 'Excalibur' and 'Velvet' reflecting the brand's commitment to technical innovation and bold aesthetics. Known for its skeletonized movements, complicated calibres, and limited edition models, Roger Dubuis has cemented its place in the luxury watch industry as a brand that defies convention while honouring the finest traditions of Swiss watchmaking.
With its relentless pursuit of innovation and flamboyant design, Roger Dubuis stands as a unique player in the world of haute horlogerie, offering timepieces that appeal to collectors and enthusiasts seeking both technical excellence and extraordinary style.
A HISTORY OF ULYSSE NARDIN WATCHES
Founded in 1846 by Ulysse Nardin in Le Locle, Switzerland, Ulysse Nardin quickly became renowned for its precision marine chronometers, solidifying its reputation as a leading watchmaker for the maritime world. Ulysse Nardin, the founder, was a skilled watchmaker trained by his father and renowned horologist, William Dubois. His vision was to create highly accurate timepieces that could withstand the challenges of navigation at sea, an ambition that would define the brand's early success.
By the mid-19th century, Ulysse Nardin was supplying chronometers to navies and shipping companies around the globe. These marine chronometers, designed for use in maritime navigation, became indispensable for their unparalleled accuracy, and the brand garnered numerous accolades for its technical achievements. Ulysse Nardin's marine chronometers earned over 4,300 certificates from observatories, including 18 gold medals at international exhibitions, cementing its position as a pioneer in precision timekeeping.
In 1876, Ulysse Nardin passed away, and the business was taken over by his son, Paul-David Nardin. Under his leadership, the brand continued to innovate and expand its expertise in both marine chronometers and pocket watches. As Ulysse Nardin moved into the 20th century, it remained a dominant player in the world of precision timekeeping, supplying chronometers to over 50 navies worldwide.
The brand's fortunes fluctuated during the mid-20th century, but a turning point came in 1983 when Swiss businessman Rolf Schnyder acquired the company. Schnyder revitalised Ulysse Nardin by partnering with watchmaker Dr. Ludwig Oechslin, whose technical genius led to groundbreaking innovations in both design and movement development. One of their first major creations was the 'Astrolabium Galileo Galilei', introduced in 1985, which entered the Guinness Book of World Records for being the most complex watch in existence, displaying celestial movements, solar time, and lunar phases.
The 1990s marked a period of renewed creativity and technical mastery for Ulysse Nardin. In 1996, the brand celebrated its 150th anniversary with the launch of the 'Marine Chronometer 1846', a model inspired by the brand's maritime heritage, combining traditional aesthetics with modern movement technology. This collection reinforced Ulysse Nardin's deep ties to the sea, a theme that continues to be central to the brand's identity.
The 'Freak' collection, introduced in 2001, became one of Ulysse Nardin's most revolutionary and avant-garde designs. The 'Freak' was the first watch to feature a movement with no hands or dial, using the entire movement to display the time. It also introduced the use of silicon technology in watchmaking, a pioneering development that would later become widely adopted in the industry for its anti-magnetic properties and precision.
In the years following, Ulysse Nardin continued to push the boundaries of innovation and haute horlogerie, releasing a series of complex and imaginative timepieces, including the 'Freak Vision', 'Dual Time', and 'Perpetual Calendar' models. The brand's use of advanced materials like silicon and its embrace of unconventional designs have made Ulysse Nardin a standout in modern watchmaking, known for both its technical innovation and marine-inspired craftsmanship.
Today, Ulysse Nardin maintains its focus on innovation while honouring its rich maritime heritage. Collections like the 'Marine', 'Diver', and 'Executive' lines continue to celebrate the brand's legacy of precision and durability, while avant-garde creations like the 'Freak' series reflect its commitment to pushing horological boundaries. With its blend of historical significance and cutting-edge technology, Ulysse Nardin remains one of the most respected and innovative names in the world of luxury watchmaking.
A HISTORY OF ORIS WATCHES
Founded in 1904 by Paul Cattin and Georges Christian in the Swiss town of Hölstein, Oris has established itself as a respected name in the world of Swiss watchmaking. From the very beginning, Oris was committed to producing high-quality timepieces with a focus on precision, functionality, and affordability. Unlike many of its competitors, Oris has remained proudly independent throughout its history, staying true to its core values of craftsmanship and innovation.
Oris quickly became known for producing reliable pocket watches, and by the 1920s, the brand had expanded to creating wristwatches, catering to the growing demand for more practical and wearable timepieces. In 1938, Oris introduced one of its most iconic models, the 'Big Crown', a pilot's watch featuring an oversized crown that allowed aviators to adjust the time while wearing gloves. This watch marked the beginning of Oris' long association with aviation and remains a signature design in the brand's collections today.
During the 1960s, Oris gained further recognition for its mechanical innovations. In 1965, the brand released its first dive watch, the 'Divers Sixty-Five', which featured a robust and water-resistant design. This model, now a key part of Oris' heritage, was reintroduced in modern versions decades later, becoming a favourite among diving watch enthusiasts.
In the late 1970s, the quartz crisis, which saw a flood of inexpensive quartz watches from Asia, challenged many Swiss watchmakers, including Oris. Rather than abandoning its roots in mechanical watchmaking, Oris chose to stay the course, focusing on producing mechanical watches while many other brands pivoted to quartz technology. This decision helped Oris carve out a niche as a defender of mechanical craftsmanship, a reputation that would grow stronger in the years to come.
By the 1980s, Oris had redefined its identity, focusing exclusively on mechanical watches and positioning itself as a brand offering excellent value in Swiss watchmaking. The introduction of the 'Oris Movement Calibre 581' in the 1990s, which featured a moon phase complication, showcased the brand's technical prowess and commitment to mechanical innovation.
Oris is also known for its partnerships with various causes and industries, particularly in aviation, diving, and motorsports. The 'Aquis' and 'ProDiver' collections have become synonymous with professional-grade dive watches, while the 'Big Crown' and 'ProPilot' models continue the brand's legacy in aviation. The company has also been involved in environmental causes, particularly ocean conservation, and has released limited-edition models in support of these initiatives, such as the 'Clean Ocean' and 'Blue Whale' editions.
A key aspect of Oris' identity is its value-driven philosophy—offering high-quality Swiss watches at accessible price points, which has endeared the brand to both seasoned collectors and newcomers to the world of luxury watches. Oris has remained independent throughout its history, allowing the brand to stay true to its core principles and maintain creative control over its designs and innovations.
Today, Oris continues to thrive as a manufacturer of mechanical watches, producing collections that combine traditional craftsmanship with modern technology. With iconic lines like the 'Divers Sixty-Five', 'Aquis', and 'Big Crown ProPilot', Oris remains a favourite among watch enthusiasts for its dedication to quality, innovation, and independence in the world of Swiss watchmaking.